Somerset Maugham
Somerset Maugham

The Unknown; A Play in Three Acts

en

Title and context
A domestic three-act drama set at the Manor House, Stour (Kent) during the First World War, concerns a single landed family and their village circle. The author disclaims doctrinal novelty and acknowledges borrowing of clerical phrasing for the Rev. Norman Poole from contemporary theological writers.

Dramatis personae and setting
Principal figures: Colonel Wharton (an elderly retired soldier), Mrs. Wharton (his devoted wife), their son Major John Wharton (recently returned from the front), Sylvia Bullough (long-engaged to John), the Rev. Norman Poole (the parish vicar) and Mrs. Poole, Dr. Macfarlane (the country physician), Mrs. Littlewood (a bereaved mother), and domestic servants. The action takes place in the Whartons' drawing-room and garden over a few days.

Narrative summary
Act I establishes milieu and characters. John returns on leave; familial warmth and village sociability mask deeper tensions. Colonel Wharton appears frail; a specialist’s letter prompts Dr. Macfarlane’s visit. Social exchanges introduce local losses (Mrs. Littlewood’s sons), the vicar’s broad-minded religiosity, and the differing ways characters confront war and grief. John reveals, in private, that he no longer believes; he attends church politely but refuses active participation. The act closes with Dr. Macfarlane delivering the grave medical diagnosis: the Colonel is terminal.

Act II intensifies moral and theological conflict. Village visitors debate war, sin, and providence: the vicar argues traditional Christian meanings, John articulates an agnostic, experience-based revolt (particularly after the deaths of comrades), Dr. Macfarlane and Mrs. Littlewood offer alternative reactions to suffering. Sylvia, whose faith is central to her identity, learns of John’s unbelief and breaks their engagement. A dramatic crisis follows when the Colonel’s condition worsens: John, after pressure chiefly from Sylvia, presents himself at Communion—an act he later describes as a lie—and then suffers the effects of that act on his conscience.

Act III resolves through death, miracle, and renunciation. The Colonel dies peacefully after receiving Communion; Mrs. Wharton interprets his calm as a miraculous consolation. Sylvia, who temporarily deceived John to secure his participation at the sacrament, confesses her deceit and expected miracle; John reports that receiving Communion has, paradoxically, stripped his love for Sylvia. Sylvia, overwhelmed by guilt and renewed religious conviction, renounces human marriage and declares herself the bride of God, returning the ring. The play closes on domestic detail: grief, ordinary routines, and the ambiguous moral aftermath.

Major themes and dramatic functions
The play stages a concentrated debate about faith, doubt, and theodicy in wartime: private conscience versus communal religion; whether suffering refines or falsifies belief; the ethics of deceit for ostensibly charitable ends; and the psychological interplay between ritual, identity, and love. Character contrasts (faithful Mrs. Wharton and vicar; doubting John; embittered Mrs. Littlewood; pragmatic Dr. Macfarlane) provide a spectrum of responses to loss. The drama remains rooted in ordinary provincial life, using domestic incidents to examine profound moral and theological questions.